CVE-2025-32433: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability
Advisory generated from the CVE record, CISA, Exploit Observer and VEDAS: what it is, whether it is exploited, who is affected, and how to fix and detect it.
Generated by VEDAS. Scores as of 2026-11-01 19:19 UTC. Rebuilt every few hours from cve-scores, CISA KEV and vedas-signatures. How this works and its limits.
What it is
Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.
Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by GitHub_M, published 2025-04-16).
Weakness: CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function
How it can be exploited
Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing no privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity high, availability high. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: yes. Technical impact: total.
- On CISA KEV since
- 2025-06-09
- US federal deadline
- 2025-06-30
- Ransomware use
- Not known
Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)
Also known as: BDU:2025-04706, CNNVD-202504-2737, EUVD-2025-11793, SNYK-SLES154-ERLANG-9789604, SNYK-UBUNTU1604-ERLANG-9726863, SNYK-UBUNTU2004-ERLANG-9726858, SNYK-UBUNTU2504-ERLANG-9789676
VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:AURORACIPHER
Exploit Observer links 56 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.
Exploit code and modules (56)
Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.
- Nuclei template: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/main/code/cves/2025/CVE-2025-32433.yaml
- Code repository: https://github.com/0x7556/cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/0xblackash/cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/0xpthree/cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/abrewer251/cve-2025-32433_erlang-otp
- Code repository: https://github.com/abrewer251/cve-2025-32433_erlang-otp_poc
- Code repository: https://github.com/agustfricke/erlang-ssh-rce-cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/antoniesoga/erlang-otp-poc_cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/ashwesker/ashwesker-cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/b1ack4sh/blackash-cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/batman529/poc-cve-2025-32433
- Code repository: https://github.com/becrevex/cve-2025-32433
- and 44 more
Research and write-ups (10)
- Research or write-up: https://platformsecurity.com/blog/CVE-2025-32433-poc
- Research or write-up: https://ptsecurity.com/research/trending-vulnerabilities/CVE-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://ptsecurity.com/ru-ru/research/trending-vulnerabilities/CVE-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://threatprotect.qualys.com/2025/04/21/erlang-otp-ssh-server-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-cve-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://tryhackme.com/room/erlangotpsshcve202532433
- Research or write-up: https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/erlang-otp-cve-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/debian-cve-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/freebsd-cve-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/ubuntu-cve-2025-32433
- Research or write-up: https://www.upwind.io/feed/cve-2025-32433-critical-erlang-otp-ssh-vulnerability-cvss-10
Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (14)
Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2025-11793
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/UBUNTU-CVE-2025-32433
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-SLES154-ERLANG-9789604
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-UBUNTU1604-ERLANG-9726863
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-UBUNTU2004-ERLANG-9726858
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-UBUNTU2504-ERLANG-9789676
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-32433
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202504-2737
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.suse.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32433
- Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2025-32433
- and 2 more
550 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.
VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.
Live scores
- EPSS
- 0.989
very likely to be attacked soon - VEDAS
- 0.979
strong exploit evidence - On CISA KEV
- Yes, since 2025-06-09
- Detection rule
- None yet
Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.
Who is affected
| Product | Affected | Not affected |
|---|---|---|
| erlang otp | version >= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3 version >= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11 version < OTP-25.3.2.20 | Not stated |
Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.
Exploit Observer also maps it to: erlang erlang\/otp.
How to fix it
CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.
Vendor guidance:
- https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy (vendor-advisory)
How to detect it
There is no open VEDAS detection rule for this bug yet. It is listed on the detection gaps page if CISA has confirmed attacks.
Advisories on this CVE
- Erlang/OTP SSH pre-auth RCE (CVE-2025-32433) (16 Apr 2025)
References
Vendor advisories and patches
- https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy (vendor-advisory)
Exploits and technical analysis
Government sources
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433 (government-resource)
Other references
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 (x_refsource_CONFIRM)
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 (x_refsource_MISC)
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f (x_refsource_MISC)
- https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 (x_refsource_MISC)
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1
- https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html
Other databases
Where this comes from
This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.